Nirmala Sitharam, India ke finance minister ne jab bad bank ka announcement kiya tha, tab kaafi interest generate hua tha, ke ye bad bank kya hai, isko bad bank ka naam kyun diya jaa raha hai? Kya isse PSbs ke non performing assets yani NPA me kuch sudhar hoga? Lagbhag 2 lakh crore ka NPA kaise achanak se functional asset me change ho jayega? Kya is ko ek complex financial instrument jaise CDO (Collateral Debt Obligations) ki tarah becha jayega public me aur phir share market me bhi isko trade kiya jayega? Kya iska govt. Insurance hoga aur agar ye NPA hai to phir NPAs ko insure karke kiska fayda hai? Kya Govt. sarkar employees ke pension funds ko in complex financial instruments me invest kar rahi hai, aur agar kar rahi hai to fir koi kuch bol kyun nahi raha hai? 3In saari baaton pe charcha karenge aaj.

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NPAs ka problem

India me NPA ke baare me bahut charcha ho chuka hai, NPA hai Non performing assets, yaani banks ne agar kisiko loan diya hai, aur wo business ya individual, us loan ko repay nahi kar paya hai 3 mahino se zyada, to phir usko NPA kaha jaata hai, asset jo returns nahi de raha hai. Upar ke graphics se aapne dekh liya hoga ki India me NPA ka sabse bada list hai PSBs yaani Public Sector Banks ka.

Is chart me aapko overall NPA ka distribution milega, industry segment wise, Industry and Agriculture me sabse zyada NPA hai.

Bad Bank kya hai?

Union Cabinet ne Thursday ko bad bank ke proposal ko approval diya hai, jisme National Asset reconstruction company yaani NARCL formation ko manzoori di gayi hai. Government NARCL me 30,600 crore tak ka guarantee degi. Kya hai ye bad bank ya NARCL? NARCL PSBs and stressed banks se unke NPAs ko khareedegi, ek certain price ke badle me. Is price ka 15% upfront payment kiya jayega, baaki 85% government guaranteed security receipts ke zariye pay kiya jayega. NPAs ko NARCL ko bechne ke liye jo price hoga wo banks hi decide karegi.

Ab sawaal ye hai ki kya ye government bailout ka hi ek naya naam hai? Bail out word ko humne suna tha 2008 ke financial crisis ke time par, jab America ke bade-bade investment banks fail ho gaye the aur unka stock value absolutely zero ho gaya tha. Tab government ne unka debt buyout kiya tha tax payers ke paise se, aur isko bail out kaha jaata hai. Is poorly executed bail out ka impact global economy ko aaj tak jhelna pad raha hai. To kya Indian system me bad banks ke zariye sarkar tax payers ke paise se PSBs ko bacha rahi hai?

Bad Banks ka fayda

NPAs jab bahut zyada ho jaata hai to fir banks conservative approach lete hain, yani business ko loan milna difficult hota hai, yani naye business nahi ban sakte, yani desh ka growth rate niche jayega,aur ye cascading effect hai jiski wajah se banks ke NPA aur badh sakte hai, kyun ki economy agar ruk gayi, to returns aana band hoga, aur zyada businesses jinhone loans liye hain, wo loan repay nahi kar payenge aur NPA badhega. Isliye NPAs ko agar restructure karke nikal diya jaye to banks ke financial records better dikhenge, unke returns and quarter results jaise hi better dikhenge waise hi share price badhega, aur waise hi naye investors banks ko paisa denge.

Lekin kya ye end me fayda dega?

India me total bad loans ka amount hai 2 lakh Crore. Ye poora amount NARCL restructure karega, wo bhi banks jo price quote karegi, us price me. Agar process ko simplify kiya jaye to un bonks ko kabhi price quote karne nahi dena chahiye jinke poor practices ke wajah se NPAs ka alarming rate pe rise dekha gaya.

Doosra, jab NARCL isko khareedegi, to phir wo paisa sarkar ya RBI hi degi, kyun ki ye sarkari company hai, yaani ye ek tareeke se bail out ka doosra naam hua. Kya 15% upfront paisa jo NARCL degi, usko dene se pehle in NPAs ki janch nahi kar deni chahiye ki kaunsa khareedne layak hai aur kaunsa NPA kabhi recover nahi ho sakta? Bina koi research kiye total 2 Lakh crore ke NPA ko agar aise restruture kar liya jaye to sirf NPA ke upar naya kapda lagane jaisa hoga, is process se NPA achanak se return nahi dena shuru karegi.

Ab seedha samajhiye, PSBs ke stocks ko changa karne ke liye unke books se NPAs ko nikal diya jayega, kachre ke ek bade dabbe me in sab loans ko naye financial instrument ke tareeke se daal diya jayega, sirf yahi nahi, iske liye Banks ko pay bhi kiya jayega. Matlab jis NPAs ke wajah se banks loss kha rahi hai, us NPA ko bechne ke liye usko paise milenge.

Agar iske baad kuch khabar aise aayi ki NARCL ne ek naya financial product launch kiya hai jiska kuch fancy naam hai aur jisko public stock exchange me debt ya equity fund ki tarah khareed sakti hai, to samajh jaiye ki 2008 ke financial crisis se pehle ka situation wapas repeat ho raha hai. Iske baad agar LIC, jo disinvestment me jayegi, wo aage aati hai, ya koi bhi insurance firm aage aata hai aur in naye repackaged NPAs ko insure karti hai, to wo bhi 2008 se pehle AIG company ne jaise CDOs ko insure kiya tha, waisa ban jayega.

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Baaki aap khud samajhdaar hai, aap samajh sakte hain ki kya poori duniya ek bahut bade financial crisis ki taraf dheere dheere aage badh rahi hai? Kya stock market ke trend ko maintain karne ke liye manufactured events ka sahara lena chahiye? Mathematics ke zariye financial debt ko financial investment instrument ko change karna waisa hi ho jayega, ki mobile phone me 200 rs data bharke roti ka image download karke bhookha pet sona.

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